Definitions – Caribbean SRHR Observatory

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Definition of SRHR

The comprehensive definition of SRHR proposed by the Guttmacher-Lancet Commission (Starrs and others, 2018) covers sexual health, sexual rights, reproductive health and reproductive rights and reflects an emerging consensus on the services and interventions needed to address the sexual and reproductive health needs of all individuals. Additionally, it addresses issues such as violence, stigma and respect for bodily autonomy, which profoundly affect individuals’ psychological, emotional and social well-being. It further specifically addresses the SRHR of neglected groups (e.g. adolescent girls, LGBTI+ individuals and those with disabilities). As such, the definition offers a comprehensive framework to guide governments, United Nations agencies, civil society and other stakeholders involved in designing policies, services and programmes that address all aspects of SRHR effectively and equitably. For universal access to SRHR to become a reality, national policies and implementation plans need to take a comprehensive approach to SRHR and address the multifaceted determinants of health and include synergic interventions that address all components of supply, demand and enabling environment.

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Key Definitions

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ACRO	Americas and the Caribbean Region
CFPA	Caribbean Family Planning Affiliation
CSE	Comprehensive Sexuality Education
CSO	Civil Society Organisation
FPAs	Family Planning Associations
GBV	Gender-Based Violence
HFLE	Health and Family Life Education
ICPD	International Conference on Population and Development
IPPF	International Planned Parenthood Federation
LGBTQI+	Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex and Additional Identities
M&E	Monitoring and Evaluation
PAHO	Pan American Health Organization

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PANCAP	Pan Caribbean Partnership Against HIV and AIDS
PLWD	People Living with Disabilities
PLHIV	People Living with HIV
SDG	Sustainable Development Goals
SGBV	Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
SI	Spotlight Initiative
SRHR	Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights
UNFPA	United Nations Population Fund
UNICEF	United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
UWI	University of the West Indies
VAWG	Violence against women and girls

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Components of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR)

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Sexual Health

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“A state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled.”

Sexual health implies that all people have access to:

Counselling and care related to sexuality, sexual identity, and sexual relationships
services for the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, and other diseases of the genitourinary system
psychosexual counselling, and treatment for sexual dysfunction and disorders

prevention and management of cancers of the reproductive system

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Sexual Rights

Sexual rights are human rights and include the right of all persons, free of discrimination, coercion, and violence, to:

achieve the highest attainable standard of sexual health, including access to sexual and reproductive health services
seek, receive, and impart information related to sexuality
receive comprehensive, evidence-based, sexuality education
have their bodily integrity respected
choose their sexual partner
decide whether to be sexually active or not
engage in consensual sexual relations
choose whether, when, and whom to marry
enter into marriage with free and full consent and with equality between spouses in and at the dissolution of marriage
pursue a satisfying, safe, and pleasurable sexual life, free from stigma and discrimination
make free, informed, and voluntary decisions on their sexuality, sexual orientation, and gender identity

Reproductive Health

“Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes.”

Reproductive health implies that all people are able to:

receive accurate information about the reproductive system and the services needed to maintain reproductive health
manage menstruation in a hygienic way, in privacy, and with dignity
access multisectoral services to prevent and respond to intimate partner violence and other forms of gender-based violence
access safe, effective, affordable, and acceptable methods of contraception of their choice
access appropriate healthcare services to ensure safe and healthy pregnancy and childbirth, and healthy infants
access safe abortion services, including post-abortion care
access services for the prevention, management, and treatment of infertility

Reproductive Rights

Reproductive rights rest on the recognition of the human rights of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing, and timing of their children, to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of reproductive health. They also include:

the right to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion, and violence
the right to privacy, confidentiality, respect, and informed consent
the right to mutually respectful and equitable gender relations

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